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Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008
The FISA Amendments Act of 2008 (also called the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008, , enacted 2008-07-10) is an Act of Congress that amended the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. Senate Roll Call Vote Summary, Vote 00168, 100th Congress, 2nd Session )〕 It has been used as the legal basis for mass surveillance programs disclosed by Edward Snowden in 2014, including PRISM.
==Background==
Warrantless wiretapping by the National Security Agency (NSA) was revealed publicly in late 2005 by the ''New York Times'' and then reportedly discontinued in January 2007.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=NYT's Risen & Lichtblau's December 16, 2005 "Bush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers Without Courts" ) via commondreams.org〕 See Letter from Attorney-General Alberto Gonzales to Senators Patrick Leahy and Arlen Specter, CONG. REC. S646-S647 (Jan. 17, 2007). Approximately forty lawsuits have been filed against telecommunications companies by groups and individuals alleging that the Bush administration illegally monitored their phone calls or e-mails. Whistleblower evidence suggests that AT&T was complicit in the NSA's warrantless surveillance, which could have involved the private communications of millions of Americans.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mark Klein - AT&T WhistleBlower )〕
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act makes it illegal to intentionally engage in electronic surveillance under appearance of an official act or to disclose or use information obtained by electronic surveillance under appearance of an official act knowing that it was not authorized by statute; this is punishable with a fine of up to $10,000 or up to five years in prison, or both. In addition, the Wiretap Act prohibits any person from illegally intercepting, disclosing, using, or divulging phone calls or electronic communications; this is punishable with a fine or up to five years in prison, or both.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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